Games People Play - Conflicts, mechanisms and collective decision-making in expert committees
نویسنده
چکیده
In this paper, a gentle introduction to Game Theory is presented in the form of basicconcepts and examples. Minimax and Nash's theorem are introduced as the formalde nitions for optimal strategies and equilibria in zero-sum and nonzero-sum games.Several elements of cooperative gaming, coalitions, voting ensembles, voting power andcollective e ciency are described in brief. Analytical (matrix) and extended (tree-graph) forms of game representation is illustrated as the basic tools for identifyingoptimal strategies and solutions in games of any kind. Next, a typology of fourstandard nonzero-sum games is investigated, analyzing the Nash equilibria and theoptimal strategies in each case. Signaling, stance and third-party intermediates aredescribed as very important properties when analyzing strategic moves, while credibil-ity and reputation is described as crucial factors when signaling promises or threats.Utility is introduced as a generalization of typical cost/gain functions and it is usedto explain the incentives of irrational players under the scope of rational irrational-ity . Finally, a brief reference is presented for several other more advanced concepts ofgaming, including emergence of cooperation, evolutionary stable strategies, two-levelgames, metagames, hypergames and the Harsanyi transformation.
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